【郭齊勇】尊生明有，主動任性一包養網站比較——王夫之哲學的特質

Keywords: Wang Fuzhi; respect for life; wise; initiative; willfulness;

We are full of secret meanings and remember Wang Fuzhi——a philosopher who deeply thought about the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Wang Fuzhi (1619-1692), whose courtesy name is Yuyuan, was named Jiang Yi, and also named Chuanshan, was from Hengyang, Hunan. The great changes in the late Ming Dynasty caused him to suffer ups and downs. Wang Fuzhi once brought troops to fight against the Qing Dynasty. After defeating the defeat, he surrendered to the Southern Ming Yongsheng government and served as the Executive Office. He was killed for impeaching the traitor. Since then, I have been desperate for nearly four years in Xiangnan. After middle age, he lived in Shichuan Mountain, Hengyang, his hometown, and studied the history and collections of books. He wrote a book that although he was cold and sick, he was weak and sick, and he stopped thinking about it after a day of study. Zeng told the meeting in the hall: “The Six Sects are responsible for me to have a new face, and I am begging for a pit from heaven for seven feet.” This means that in academics, we should not only protect the roots of Huaxia civilization, but also create contemplations and open up new realms. In terms of ethnic and political views, we insisted on being a minister of the Ming Dynasty. The so-called lonely ministers cannot turn the world, but only begged to survive the pit.

Wang Fuzhi has more than 100 works and more than 400 volumes. The ancients compiled a new essay book “Chuanshan Complete Book”, which was published by Yuelu Book Club from 1988 to 1996, and was collected and completed. His philosophical works are very rich, and he creates and describes important classics of traditional history, history, philosophies and collections, and develops his own ideas. Among them, they have excellent developments in “The Book of Changes”, “Shangshu”, “Penyue”, “Four Books”, “Laozi”, “Zhuangzi”, “Qinzhi Tongjian” and Zhang Xuan’s “Zhengmeng”. When recalling his life at the end of his old age, he was inspired by the tombstone, and said, “I have embraced Liu Yueshi’s loneliness, but my fate is no longer possible; I hope Zhang Yanqu is correct, but my strength cannot be as strong as possible.” Liu Yueshi, Liu Kun of Dongqing, and his ancestors who danced with the chickens, are both talented people who have developed strong pictures and are determined to serve the country and the people. The previous sentence still expresses the situation between ethnic and political, and the melancholy of failure to realize the burden of aspiring and long-cherished wishes. The next sentence expresses his academic essence and origin. What we admire, inherit, and light is Zhang Xiu’s philosophy, which is considered “regular” and that he said that his talent is infinite and he cannot surpass Zhang Xiu and other scholars. His strong criticism of the two teachings of Buddhism and Taoism; he criticized and inherited the Song and Ming dynasties; he criticized King Shu and his later studies very well, and tried to make the learning style come back from virtual to reality; he also criticized the later studies of Cheng and Zhu, but his studies still had the color of Cheng and Zhu’s academic performance.

For three hundred years, Wang Fuzhi’s philosophical thinking has become one of the main resources of modern enlightenment. The rapid development of “The Reform of the New Year of the 1898s” named Wang Fuzhi’s thoughts as the “one sound of thunder” of “Shaosu Liuhe”, and politically determined that “only the chief teacher of the Chuchushan country is purely the subtle purpose of the people’s right”[1]724. Liang Qichao also said in “The Nearly Three Hundred Years of Academic History of China” that the thoughts of several major teachers in the early Qing Dynasty, such as Huang Zongxi, Wang Fuzhi and others, “suddenly, the energy usually shocked the hearts of many young people.” Zhang Taiyan even said: “During the Qing Dynasty, those who can be so proud of their cowardice and become the result of rejuvenation will be punished by the farmers alone!”[1]441 The beginning of modern thinking schools reflects the value of Wang Fu’s thinking from the side of differences. Since the 20th century, many scholars, including Liang Qichao, Hou Waihou to Qilifu, have praised and commented on Wang Fuzhi as the pioneer of the late Chinese foreign country. Many scholars, including Hou Waihou, Zhang Dainian, Ren Shuyu, and Qilifu, have explained Wang Fuzhi with the materialism, proof method and historical materialism of Marxist philosophy.